Arachnologische Mitteilungen 55

Interesting Hungarian spiders 3 Remarks. Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman (1988) and Ře- záč et al. (2008) suggested that Chyzer & Kulczyński (1897: p. 267, plate 10, fig. 39) and Loksa (1969: pp. 75, 76 and 79, fig. 52 A–B) misidentified Dysdera westringi O. P.-Cambrid- ge, 1872 and the species which they actually had was Dysdera taurica Charitonov, 1956. Řezáč et al. (2008) also examined some D. taurica specimens from Hungary to prove its pre- sence in this country. Nevertheless, in the next year D. taurica was established as a junior synonym of D. lata by Kovblyuk et al. (2008).The main difference between males of D. westringi and D. lata is that the former one has no teeth while the latter one has 3–7 teeth on the apical lobe of the bulbus (Kovblyuk et al. 2008). In this paper we confirm the occurence of D. lata in Hungary. Dysdera westringi is rare in Hungary (Szinetár et al. 2012), and in the light of the above mentioned problems in identification, all records need to be re-checked because they probably all belong to D. lata . Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878 Iberina microphthalma (Snazell &Duffey, 1980) (syn. Hahnia microphthalma ) (Fig. 4) Determination. Snazell & Duffey 1980, Szita et al. 1998 Material examined. 2 (( ,Madocsa: 27.09.2016 – (46°40’50”N, 18°58’32”E, 92 m a.s.l., commercial apple orchard treated with pesticides).The specimens (leg. L. Mezőfi, det. É. Szita) were collected by beating from canopies of apple trees. Distribution. Only known from Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary and Switzerland (WSC 2017). Remarks. Little is known about the biology of this rare spe- cies. Only a few records are available (Růžička & Dolanský 2016) and the male is still unknown. According to Snazell & Duffey (1980) the posterior median eyes are reduced, but various stages of eye reduction are possible and there may be differences in the form of the translucent copulatory ducts as well (Szita et al. 1998, Hänggi & Stäubli 2012). Růžička & Dolanský (2016) summarised earlier records and found that all previous specimens were collected on the ground surface or in the grass layer by various methods (e.g. by pitfall traps, sweeping), except some specimens that were collected using pipe traps which were designed to catch subterranean inver- tebrates. Snazell & Duffey (1980) propose that some of the characteristics of the spider suggest subterranean habitat use and Růžička & Dolanský (2016) consider I. microphthalma as a ‘soil spider’. Nonetheless, its occurrence in the canopy of apple trees (at a height of approximately 1.5 m above the ground) suggets that besides the soil layer or the ground level I. microphthalma can sometimes also occur on plants. Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 Mermessus trilobatus (Emerton, 1882) Determination. Nentwig et al. 2017, Šestáková et al. 2017 Material examined. 2 )) , 3 (( : 2 (( 15.12.2015 – Monorierdő (47°19’13”N, 19°31’12”E, 158 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard); 1 ) 05.02.2016 – Újfehértó (47°49’13”N, 21°39’58”E, 121 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard); 1 ) , 1 ( 09.12.2016 – Sükösd (46°17’59”N, 19°00’21”E, 100 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard). The specimens (leg. & det. L. Mezőfi) were collected by litter sampling. Distribution. North America. Introduced to Azores, Europe (WSC 2017). In Europe it is present in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal (exlusively on Azores), Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine (Do- lanský et al. 2009, Katušić 2009, Kovács et al. 2015b, Szinetár et al. 2015, van Helsdingen 2017, Hirna 2017). Remarks. This North American linyphiid spider was first found in Germany in the early 1980s and M. trilobatus is pro- bably now the most frequently occuring alien spider in Eu- rope (Nentwig & Kobelt 2010). This invasive ground-living species is probably spreading primarily by ballooning (Košulič et al. 2013, Blandenier et al. 2014) and its high colonization ability may relate to this, although the exact reasons for the success of M. trilobatus are still unclear (Eichenberger et al. 2009). In Hungary the first specimen was collected in 2012 (Kovács et al. 2015b), and since then it was found in several locations, especially in the western part of the country (e.g. Fig. 4: Iberina microphthalma female from Hungary; a. general appearan- ce, dorsal view; b. opisthosoma with epigyne, ventral view; c. epigyne/ vulva, dorsal view; d. epigyne, ventral view Fig. 3: Right palp of Dysdera lata male from Hungary; a. prolateral view; b. retrolateral view