Arachnologische Mitteilungen 55

6 L. Mezőfi & V. Markó ders were collected by hand. 1 sub ) 01.12.2013 – Zsurk (48°24’54”N, 22°12’45”E, 103 m a.s.l., commercial apple or- chard); 1 sub ( 01.12.2013 – Zsurk (48°23’30”N, 22°12’52”E, 105 m a.s.l., commercial apple orchard). These specimens (leg. M. Paróczai, det. L. Mezőfi) were collected by the card- board band method. 1 nymph 22.09.2015 – Nyírcsaholy (47°55’17”N, 22°18’43”E, 126 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard); 1 sub ) 05.02.2016 – Újfehértó (47°49’13”N, 21°39’58”E, 121 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard). These specimens (leg. & det. L. Mezőfi) were collected by the cardboard band me- thod. 1 sub ) , 3 sub (( 05.02.2016 – Újfehértó (47°49’13”N, 21°39’58”E, 121 m a.s.l., organic apple orchard). The speci- mens (leg. & det. L.Mezőfi) were collected by litter sampling. Distribution. North America, Europe, Caucasus, Japan (WSC 2017). In Europe it is widely distributed: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto- nia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hun- gary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (eastern European, northern European and Kalinin- grad Region), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine (van Helsdingen 2017). Remarks. Although widely distributed in Europe, this is qui- te a rare species and its biology is partly unknown (Nentwig et al. 2017). Lasaeola prona was classified as near threatened in the Carpathian Red List (Gajdoš et al. 2014), while in the Czech Republic it is critically endangered (Řezáč et al. 2015). Although much of its biology was previously unknown, more is known about it today. This thermophilous species usually occurs in open xerothermic habitats (Bryja et al. 2005b, Franc & Korenko 2008) and is often found at ground level, e.g. un- der stones (Roberts 1985). Adult individuals appear mostly from early June to the end of August (Szinetár 1995, Franc & Korenko 2008, Kovblyuk et al. 2012, Kostanjšek & Gor- jan 2013, Aakra et al. 2016), and our data indicates that the mentioned species overwinters mainly in the subadult stage under bark or in the litter. Therefore, it seems that L. prona is a stenochronous species with a summer reproductive and dispersing period. Furthermore, we have observed the two collected female individuals (see above) preying on ants [ La­ sius niger (Linnaeus, 1758), det. C. Nagy]. In Dipoena sensu lato myrmecophagy is a known phenomenon (Roberts 1985, Le Peru 2011), therefore L. prona is probably also a myrme- cophagous species. Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 Diaea livens Simon, 1876 [syn. D. pictilis (Banks, 1896)] Determination. Buchar &Thaler 1984, Nentwig et al. 2017 Material examined. 2 )) , 1 ( , 2 sub )) , 1 sub ( , 3 nymphs: 1 ( 30.05.2015 – Gödöllő (47°35’35”N, 19°21’38”E, 222 m a.s.l., urban green area).The spider (leg. V. Hoffmann, det. L. Mezőfi) was collected by hand from a shrub. 1 ) 27.04.2016, 1 sub ) 14.10.2016 – Budapest, Normafa (47°30’24”N, 18°57’43”E, 463 m a.s.l., urban green area with deciduous forest vegetation); 1 ) 26.05.2016, 1 nymph 14.09.2016, 1 sub ) 14.10.2016 – Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (47°29’43”N, 18°58’31”E, 462 m a.s.l. urban green area); 1 sub ( 14.09.2016, 1 nymph 14.10.2016 – Budapest, Hűvösvölgy (47°32’31”N, 18°57’46”E, 228 m a.s.l. urban green area with deciduous fo- rest vegetation); 1 nymph 14.09.2016 – Budapest, Zugligeti út (47°31’04”N, 18°59’08”E, 180 m a.s.l., urban green area). These specimens (leg. D. Korányi, det. L. Mezőfi) were col- lected by beating mainly in urban forest areas from canopies of Acer campestre trees. Distribution. Southern and Central Europe, Turkey, Cauca- sus. Introduced to USA (WSC 2017). In Europe it is present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Ger- many, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa- in, Switzerland, Turkey (European part) and Ukraine (Tomić & Grbić 2008, van Helsdingen 2017). Remarks. Throughout Europe this is a very rare species (Nentwig et al. 2017) which was classified as vulnerable in the Carpathian Red List (Gajdoš et al. 2014) while in the Czech Republic it is endangered (Řezáč et al. 2015). In Hungary it was firstly detected by Szinetár (1995) and since then the spider was found at several locations within the country (Bo- gya et al. 1999, Horváth & Szinetár 2002, Szita et al. 2002, Horváth et al. 2009, Kovács et al. 2009, Szinetár et al. 2011, Keresztes 2013, Szita et al. 2014), although D. livens is still a quite rare species here.This species is a facultative bark-dwel- ler (Szinetár & Horváth 2006) and occurs almost exclusively in oak forests on shrubs and lower branches of trees (Szinetár 1995, Szinetár et al. 2011, Nentwig et al. 2017). Although it has several records from other habitats/plants: e.g. from apple (Keresztes 2013) and pear (Bogya et al. 1999) orchards, from Pinus nigra , Platanus hybrida (Szinetár & Horváth 2006), Ti­ lia spp. and from Acer spp. trees (Stenchly et al. 2007, Keresz- tes 2013). We collected several specimens from A. campestre trees as well, which suggets that D. livens might be less tightly bounded to the oak forests. The specimen collected in Gö- döllő was consuming a Smaragdina aurita (Linnaeus, 1767) (Chrysomelidae) (det. L. Mezőfi) adult on a shrub. Conclusions Given their presence in neighbouring countries and distribu- tion in Europe, the occurence of the new records ( C. sierrae and P. oblitum ) for Hungary is not surprising. Probably the two above mentioned species were naturally spread to Hungary, because human-mediated dispersal is less typical for Aranei- dae and Linyphiidae species (Nentwig 2015). At the moment, the Spiders of Europe database lists 800 spider taxa for Hun- gary (Nentwig et al. 2017), but the spiders reported here, and the many other recently described and first recorded species, indicate that the list is still far from complete. Therefore, in Hungary the number of spider species can be estimated to be much higher than 800. According to Nentwig (2015) inter- national trade and climate change are the major factors that facilitate the spread and establishment of alien spider species. Currently one alien spider species per year is introduced to Europe, but this rate will surely increase in future. Therefore, it is important to continue the arachnological exploration of Hungary because, as in the case of Europe in general, many new species are expected to emerge in this country and also not all species that supposedly occur in Hungary have been found and listed yet. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Árpád Szabó for his help with the preparation of the photographs, Éva Szita for her help with the identification of I. microphthalma and checking D. lata , and Dávid Korányi, Viktória Hoffmann, Dorottya Gyóni, Csaba Nagy and Márton Paróczai for collecting many of the specimens. We would also like to thank Dóra Hoppál and István Bernát for their assistance