Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57

56 A. Hirna In addition, the species was not confirmed at other locali- ties known from the literature (Legotay 1974), therefore, the data from the Mt. Chorna Hora are doubtful. In general, a limited number of species were caught in the alpine zone of the mountain massif Chornohora using pitfall traps: from 11 to 14 (Tab. 1). Three of them, Pardosa saltuaria , Haplodrassus signifer and Coelotes pickardi carpathen- sis have a high relative abundance in all spider communities (84.6–92.2 % of the total number captured). Species richness and composition do not differ very much between different mountain tops. The relative abundance of G. badia ranges from 0.5 to 3.8 %. Most specimens were caught in the alpine zone of Mt. Petros, in 2015 (3.8 %). In the subalpine zone only several specimens of G. badia were observed under Juniperus sibirica thickets at two locali- ties: Mt. Rogneska and Mt. Zherban (Tab. 2; in pitfall traps that had been placed for a duration similar to the exposition in the alpine zone, no specimens were captured). These two localities differ in their levels of human activity. A known tou- rist route passes through the Mt. Rogneska area, as well as sheep movement to the pastures. On the contrary, Mt. Zher- ban is located on the border between Ukraine and Romania, but is hard-to-reach for tourists because of the steep slopes and dense thickets of subalpine shrubs. In the Ukrainian Carpathians G. badia has a preference for the alpine zone (over 1800 m a.s.l.) and occasionally oc- curs in the subalpine zone. The species is localized mainly in the gaps between stones and in clumps of Icelandic moss, ac- tively hunting on the surface of the soil and stones. Discussion The species was described by Ludwig Koch as Pythonissa ba- dia from the Alps (historical region – Tyrols and the Bava­ rian Alps, Koch 1866).Today, besides the Alps (Austria, Italy, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovenia and Switzerland), the species is found in other mountain systems of Europe: the Pyrenees (Andorra), the Central System (Spain), the Bo- hemian Forest (Czech Republic: Šumava, Germany: Bava­ Fig. 3: Distribution of Gnaphosa badia in Eurasia (see text for references; black circles – valid records; yellow circles – data need confirmation; the circle corresponds to the region: does not indicate the number of localities). In the shaded area (the Alps), the species is widely distributed and found at many localities Tab. 2: Spiders of subalpine (Juniperus) thickets of the Chornohora Mt. massif and the Rakhiv Mt. massif (three samples of Icelandic moos 40 cm × 40 cm, under Juniperus sibirica). A – Chornohora Mt. massif: Mt. Rogneska, B – Rakhiv Mt. massif Mt. Zherban Taxon A B 20. Jun. 2013 10. Aug. 2015 Coelotes terrestris (Wider, 1834) 1 ( . Callobius claustrarius (Hahn, 1833) . 1 ) Cybaeus angustiarum L. Koch, 1868 . 1 ) Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866) 3 (( 1 ) , 1 ( Agyneta rurestris (C.L. Koch, 1836) 5 (( . Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) 1 ) . Centromerus arcanus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873) . 1 ) , 6 (( Centromerus pabulator (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875) . 2 )) , 1 ( Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) 4 (( . Diplocephalus latifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) 4 (( 1 ( Mansuphantes arciger (Kulczyński, 1882) 1 ( 1 ) Mansuphantes mansuetus (Thorell, 1875) . 1 ( Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834) 2 )) 1 ) , 7 (( Mughiphantes mughi (Fickert, 1875) 1 ) 1 ) , 4 (( Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833 2 (( . Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) 3 (( 1 ( Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757) . 1 ( Pardosa saltuaria (L. Koch, 1870) 3 (( 1 ( Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836) 3 (( . Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914 . 2 (( Robertus truncorum (L. Koch, 1872) . 1 )