Arachnologische Mitteilungen 58

Infraspecific spider taxa of Embrik Strand 39 nate form as already stated by A. Brescovit on his labels in the vials (new synonym). Ctenus peregrinus sapperi Strand, 1916 = syn. nov. of the nominate form of Ctenus peregrinus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 Larger and darker than the nominate form with the shape of the central epigyne part less convergent is the argumenta- tion for the description of a new variety for the female which Strand (1916d: 113) described from Guatemala, from where also the nominate form had been described. Bonnet (1956: 1273) saw it as a synonym of the nominate form and the World Spider Catalog (2019) as a subspecies. The type was not available in Berlin or any other museum we contacted. We conclude that it is a new synonym of the nominate form. Gnaphosidae Gnaphosa lapponum inermis Strand, 1899 = syn. nov. of the nominate form of Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) Strand (1899) described this new variety (a synonym of the nominate form for Bonnet (1957: 2002) and with subspe- cies rank in the World Spider Catalog 2019) from a single male from northern Norway because parts of the legs and prosoma were brighter than usual (yellowish to brown) and tibia I showed no spine (as opposed to one spine mentioned in Koch 1866: 33). Based on this different armature of tibia I, already Sørensen (1898: 222) had described a separate spe- cies, i.e. Gnaphosa islandica , now a synonym of G. lapponum . The problem of variable leg armature in this species and of synonymy of lapponum and islandica was thoroughly inves- tigated by Brændegaard (1958: 9) who concluded “the spiny armament of the first pair of legs is no reliable specific char- acter”. Based on the slightly deviating body colour, Strand’s single male could well have been a freshly moulted specimen. However, type material was not available from Oslo or any other of the contacted museums and we conclude that it is a new synonym of the nominate form. Linyphiidae Linyphia pusilla quadripunctata Strand, 1903 = Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830) syn. conf. (van Helsdingen 1970: 9) Strand (1903: 8) found in a Siberian population of normally coloured spiders one specimen that had four additional small dots on the ventral side of the opisthosoma. These circum- stances clearly indicate that this specimen, described as a new variety (a synonym of the nominate form in Bonnet (1957: 2489) and a subspecies in the World Spider Catalog 2019) re- fers to normal phenotypic plasticity within a population, thus this subspecies is a synonym of the nominate form, now in the genus Microlinyphia . We could not detect type material in Oslo or in any of the listed museums. This synonymy has al- ready been mentioned but not formally stated by van Helsdin- gen (1970: 11) in his revision of the genus Microlinyphia but it had never been added to the World Spider Catalog. Lycosidae Lycosa fastosa viota Strand, 1914 = syn. nov. of the nominate form of Pardosa fastosa (Keyserling, 1877) Strand (1914b: 814) described this new variety (a synonym of the nominate form in Bonnet (1957: 2600) and a subspecies of Pardosa fastosa in the World Spider Catalog 2019) from a single female from Colombia and compared it to three other species. He concluded that the epigyne was most similar to Pardosa riveti Berland, 1913 but did not fit well enough. The best fit seemed to be with P. uncatula F. O. Pickard-Cam- bridge, 1902 but there were differences in dorsal colour pat- tern and leg colouration (yellow versus darker). Finally, Strand concluded that his variety would most likely belong to P. fas- tosa (Keyserling, 1877). We did not find type material in any of the listed museums. Meanwhile P. uncatula is considered a synonym of P. fastosa (Dondale & Redner 1984: 81), so we can conclude that the described taxon is just a new synonym of the nominate form. Lycosa palustris islandica Strand, 1906 = syn. nov. of the nominate form of Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) Strand (1906a: 471) argued that specimens from Iceland have darker legs and other details in colouring are different com- pared with continental specimens and, therefore, he described them as a new variety (with subspecies rank in the World Spider Catalog 2019). Being darker in colder or more humid climates is not uncommon in spiders (Breitling et al. 2015). This subspecies is just a new synonym of the nominate form which is now in the genus Pardosa . This synonymy had been suggested before repeatedly by Brændegaard (1929, 1932, 1958) based on rich material which he studied. We did not detect Strand’s type material in any of the listed museums. Lycosa proxima annulatoides Strand, 1915 = subspecies inquirenda as Pardosa proxima annulatoides (Strand, 1915) This taxon will be treated in a separate paper. Lycosa proxima antoni Strand, 1915 = Pardosa proxima antoni (Strand, 1915) nomen dubium When Strand (1915a: 165) compared different published epi- gyne drawings, he decided that the drawing of Nosek (1905: f. 19, ♀ near Istanbul) (Fig. 5a), deviated a bit from that what he thought Lycosa proxima should look like. Strand decided to attribute Nosek’s deviating epigyne to a new variety an- toni , without seeing it. Strand furthermore ignored doubts of Nosek himself (1905: 140) who wrote that his P. proxima “Gehört wahrscheinlich dieser Art an, welche ziemlich stark zu variieren scheint. Ohne dazu gehöriges Männchen ist die Bestimmung jedoch unsicher.” [belongs probably to this spe- cies, which seems to be highly variable. But without a corre- sponding male the identification is doubtful.] Bonnet (1957: 2586) listed it as a synonym of the nominate form and the World Spider Catalog (2019) as subspecies. Isaia et al. (2018: 15) stated that it is not possible to decide if Nosek’s figure belongs to P. proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847) or its sibling species P. tenuipes L. Koch, 1882. Nosek’s (1905: 118) material from ‘Bujukdere’ (now spelled ‘Büyükdere’, ca. 41.154°N, 29.032°E, 6 m a.s.l.), collected 4. May 1902, could be found in Vienna and contains two females (NHMW 28692), of which photos of the epigynes were taken by C. Hörweg (Fig. 5b).The epi- gyne of ♀ #2 seems to be the one figured by Nosek, the other one ( ♀ #1) seems to have moulted a shorter time ago than #2; both fall in the variability of the pair of sibling species P. proxima/tenuipes of which the females are mostly not distin- guishable without corresponding males (cf. Isaia et al. 2018). Of this pair of species only P. proxima is known from Turkey (Isaia et al. 2018). But until males are available from or near