New records of spiders from pond littorals in the Czech Republic

New records of spiders from pond littorals in the Czech Republic. Tmeticus affinis (BLACKWALL, 1855), Tetragnatha shoshone LEVI, 1981, Clubionajuvenis SIMON, 1878, Marpissa Canestrinii NINNI, 1868, and Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. KOCH, 1877) are new records for the Czech Republic. New data aboutEnoplognatha caricis (FICKERT, 1876), Theridion hemerobium SIMON, 1914, Rugathodes instabilis (O. P. CAMBRIDGE, 1871), Tetragnatha striata L. KOCH, 1862, and Dolomedes plantarius (CLERCK, 1757) are given. The validity of the name Enoplognatha caricis (FICKERT, 1876) is supported.


INTRODUCTION
Various types of wetlands were studied in the Czech Republic: peatbogs (e.g.KURKA 1990KURKA , 1995)), wet meadows (RUZIGKA 1987) and pond margins (MILLER & OBRTEL 1975).We have focused our arachnological investigations on the still overlooked habitat of pond littorals, i.e. plant communities standing permanently in shallow water.We collected the material inside the dense vegetation and on the water-facing side of the vegetation.
The names of localities are given according to the Geographical Lexicon of the Czech Republic (NOV AKOV A 1991 ).The number of the grid square (BUCHAR 1982) is given in parentheses (the map was published in Arachnologische Mitteilungen by RUZIGKA & HAJER 1996).The nomenclature follows the checklist of the spiders of the Czech Republic (BUCHAR et al. 1995); new records of spiders ofthe Czech Republic, not mentioned by them, are marked by an asterisk (*).The authors' names are abbreviated (VR, MH). and on Kurile Islands (MARUSIK in litt.).However, all sites mentioned are not far from the seacoast (and exhibits probably high air humidity).The European populations inhabitexclusivelythewetlands (all literature sources cited).We recorded E. caricis in littoral stands of the fish ponds, consisting of dense tussocks of sedge grass, especially Carex e/ata.It builds its little web in the lower part of the tussocks in the space in a leaf bend; not under the overhanging leaves (it is hard to obtain material by beating), not higher up in the tussock (it is hard to obtain the material by sweeping).The material is only obtainable by picking up individuals while wading through high sedge grass growths in the water.M. Holec recorded five females with light yellow brown cocoons during one hour of such examinations.
Ze/otes puritanus CHAMBERLlN, 1922 represents a very similar case of different ecological demands in Europe and North America (RUZICKA in press).This species inhabits exclusively original habitats, rocks and rock steppes in Europe, while in North America it inhabits a wider range of habitats.Specimens have been collected in pitfall traps, in aspen, fir, scrub oak, lodgepole and ponderosa pine, and black spruce forests, in beach litter, meadows pastures, prairies, sagebush, and under logs and rocks (PLA TNICK & SHADAB 1983).
FICKERT's description (FICKERT 1876) is clearly insufficient, but this is not an exception among the descriptions from the nineteenth century.
E. SIMON must have been in contact with C. FICKERT, he probably saw either a drawing or the actual material.WUNDERLlCH (1976) suggested the synonymy: E. caricis sensu SIMON = E. tecta.MERRETT & SNAZELL (1975) verified that the material deposited in SIMON's collection under the label E. caricis is the species material mentioned by SIMON under the name "E. caricis (FICKERT)" (SIMON 1914, p. 306).This is the species which presently has been found on several places in Europe and which we try to name properly.It means: E. caricis sensu SIMON = E. caricis sensu FICKERT.The valid name must be Enop/ognatha caricis (FICKERT, 1876).

Theridion hemerobium SIMON, 1914
Still recorded for Czechia only by KASAL (1982) ( Theridion antusl), BUCHAR (1989) and KURKA (1997).In fact, it is quite common in all littoral vegetation, in sedge grass and reed-mace growth.Small wooden foot-bridges passing through littoral growths give good opportunities to collect it.In rich growth consisting from sedge grass and reed mace.NEMENZ (1967) composed the map of distribution of this mediterranean species.The occurrence near Lednice represents the most northern record in Central Europe.

*Clubionajuvenis
*Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. KOCH, 1877) We register more than 15 records from all parts of the Czech Republic.It makes its webs above the water surface in various types of marshy vegetation, such as reed and sedge grass growth, it is also abundant under overhanging grass on the bank of channels.

CONCLUSIONS
Pond littorals host a specific spider assemblage.According to the unaccessibility of this habitat, some of its inhabitants are considered to be rare.We documented, that Theridion hemerobium and Theridiosoma gemmosum, for example, are quite widespread in the Czech Republic.Some species, widespread in humid maritime climates, can exhibit narrower niches in continental climates in Central Europe, where they inhabit exclusively the most humid habitats in pond littorals; this is the case in Rugathodes instabilis, Do/omedes plantarius and Clubionajuvenis.