Cyrtophora citricola ( Araneae : Araneidae : Cyrtophorinae ) , a first record for Turkey

We recorded the tent-web spider Cyrtophora citricola (Forsskål, 1775) (Araneidae: Cyrtophorinae) from Turkey for the first time at two sites. Body measurements and a brief description of the female are presented, as well as information on the sites (olive and orange orchards, shrubs) and the accompanying spider fauna.

Americas (PLATNICK 2012).It is considered as both a useful and a harmful agent in biological control as a result of its characteristic bulky and permanent' web structure (EDWARDS 2006).In terms of proximity to Turkey, the species is already known from Malta, Greece and Israel (LEVY 1997, HELSDINGEN 2011).
The purpose of this brief article is to record the araneid spider Cyrtophora citricola as a new species record for the Turkish araneofauna.Consequently, the subfamily Cyrtophorinae and the genus Cyrtophora are also reported from Turkey for the first time.

Material and methods
All specimens were collected from two different provinces in Turkey (Fig. 1) using a hand aspirator and preserved in 70% ethanol.The carapace and abdomen measurements were taken after dissection, with each one measured separately and then combined to generate the total body length.All measurements are in mm.
Description: Carapace usually brown, but varying from blackish-brown to yellowish-brown among individuals.Cephalothorax yellowish towards the posterior edge.Surface covered by tiny greyish hair, However, two pairs of dorsal tubercles and a pair of posterior tubercles are highly characteristic.Scapus absent on epigyne (generic character).
The only male individual was found dead on the web of an adult female from Mugla province.The remains of the male were deformed and desiccated, but the species-specific median apophysis on the relatively well preserved and still deformed palps enabled us to make an unequivocal identification.

Habitat and ecology
The specimens from Mugla were collected in the course of field studies aiming to determine the spider fauna of olive orchards found in Kiyiki §lacik Village.
Olive orchards and associated shrubby vegetation were surveyed periodically over one year using several techniques, at altitudes from sea level up to 100 m.All C. citricola specimens were collected or observed by beating and during direct searching of shrubs.
Specimens were often observed on Myrtus communis shrubs, and it was quite common to see several spiders on adjacent webs upon a single tree.The first adult female was observed in June and they were quite common in July, while the last adult individual was observed in September.

A. circe
, N subfusca and C. citricola were the three most abundant araneids on shrubs.A. circe had its peak of activity earlier than the other two, in May and early June, later it completely disappeared.N subfusca was active for a longer period of time from June to October, showing a large overlap with the activity of C. citricola.The remaining species were rare in the sampling area and represented by only few specimens in the collection.

Discussion
With the addition of C. citricola , the number of araneid spiders known from Turkey has increased to 54 and the number of subfamilies of Araneidae has increased to four.Based on the previously known distribution of C. citricola , the geographical position of Turkey and the zoogeographical distributions of other araneids recorded from Turkey, the discovery of C. citricola in Turkey is not particularly surprising.
Its presence at three locations in Mugla and Antalya provinces may indicate that C. citricola is widely dis- tributed throughout the Turkish Mediterranean coast.
The specimens from Antalya were collected in orange orchards by direct searching, and found on webs built on orange trees.Adults were collected more than one month earlier than in Mugla.This was probably due to latitudinal differences between the two localities, or to annual climatic fluctuations, as specimens were collected with a time interval of three years between samples.
Occurrence of the kleptoparasitic spiders A. argyrodes and N. syriacus near C. citricola webs is interesting, but not surprising, as N. syriacus was first described from Lebanon on webs of C. citricola and A. argyrodes is also known from webs of C. citricola.
Still, both of these species can also live freely or can be found on webs of other species (of Araneidae, Theridiidae, Pholcidae, Linyphiidae, Uloboridae) (Edwards 2006, Kaya et al. 2009, 2010).
C. citricola is a well-known species both in terms of ecology and systematics (LUBIN 1974, BUSKIRK 1975,   Levi 1997, Leborgne et al. 1998, Levy 1997).All information about the Turkish specimens and their habitats fits with the hitherto existing data.

Figure 1 :
Figure1: Map of study area O Antalya Province © Mugla Province, Milas District © Ditto, Ortaca District which becomes intense in the cephalic region.Distance between anterior lateral and posterior lateral eyes one and a half times the diameter of the anterior lateral eye.Sternum heart-shaped, yellowish-brown, surface covered by sparse black hair.Aboral part of labium, exterior halves of gnathocoxae blackish-deep brown, interior halves bright yellowish at the surface and usually hairless.Legs yellowish brown; colour tones on segments variable among individuals, usually with deep brown or blackish annulations.Abdomen colour and dorsal pattern variable among individuals.