Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) – eine unendliche Geschichte
Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) – eine unendliche Geschichte
Drassodes lapidosus and Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) – a never-ending discussion
morphological characters; spiders; taxonomy
Abstract
According to Platnick (2006) the taxa Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802), the type species of the genus Drassodes (Westring, 1851), and Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) are two valid species. However Grimm (1985) merged them into one taxon. Different taxonomists have separated these species by the positions of the teeth in the frontal margin of the chelicerae and by the proportions of the palpal segments in males. Females are separated by the proportions of different features in the epigyne. The altitude at which they occur is used for separation, too. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether these characteristics really allow the separation of these two taxa. In order to solve these taxonomical problem, 116 male and 108 female specimens from Central Europe were examined. The variation of the mentioned characters is shown. Spearman's rho correlations and factor analyses are presented. The results show that there are transitions between the two taxa D. lapidosus and D. cupreus and, thus, they cannot be separated using the diagnostic features currently available.
References
-
Deltshev C 2003 A critical review of the spider species (Araneae) described by P. Drensky in the period 1915-1945 from the Balkans. - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 90: 135-150
-
Deltshev C 2003 A critical review of the spider species (Araneae) described by P. Drensky in the period 1915-1945 from the Balkans. - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 90: 135-150
-
Grimm U 1985 Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida: Araneae). – Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 26: 1-318
-
Grimm U 1985 Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida: Araneae). – Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 26: 1-318
-
Locket GH & Millidge AF 1951 British spiders Vol. I. Ray Society, London. 310 pp.
-
Locket GH & Millidge AF 1951 British spiders Vol. I. Ray Society, London. 310 pp.
-
Locket GH, Millidge AF & Merrett P 1974 British spiders. Vol. III. Ray Society, London. 315 pp.
-
Locket GH, Millidge AF & Merrett P 1974 British spiders. Vol. III. Ray Society, London. 315 pp.
-
Marusik Y.M. & S. Koponen (2000): New data on spiders (Aranei) from the Maritime Province, Russian Far East. - Arthropoda Selecta 9: 55-68
-
Marusik Y.M. & S. Koponen (2000): New data on spiders (Aranei) from the Maritime Province, Russian Far East. - Arthropoda Selecta 9: 55-68
-
Namkung J. (2002): The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Gongdeok-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea. 648 S.
-
Namkung J. (2002): The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Gongdeok-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea. 648 S.
-
Platnick N.I. (2006): The world spider catalog. Version 6.5. American Museum of Natural History. – Internet: research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
-
Platnick N.I. (2006): The world spider catalog. Version 6.5. American Museum of Natural History. – Internet: research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
-
Platnick NI & Shadab MU 1976 A revision of the spider genera Drassodes and Tivodrassus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in North America. - American Museum Novitates 2593: 1-29
-
Platnick NI & Shadab MU 1976 A revision of the spider genera Drassodes and Tivodrassus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in North America. - American Museum Novitates 2593: 1-29
-
Reimoser E 1937 Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea VIII. 16. Familie Gnaphosidae oder Plattbauchspinnen. – Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 1-41
-
Reimoser E 1937 Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea VIII. 16. Familie Gnaphosidae oder Plattbauchspinnen. – Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 1-41
-
Roberts M.J. (1987): The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Bd. 1 (Text). 2. Aufl., Harley Books, Colchester, England. 229 S.
-
Roberts M.J. (1987): The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Bd. 1 (Text). 2. Aufl., Harley Books, Colchester, England. 229 S.
-
Roberts M.J. (1995): Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Harper Collins, London. 383 S.
-
Roberts M.J. (1995): Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Harper Collins, London. 383 S.
-
Simon E. (1914): Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 1re partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 1-308
-
Simon E. (1914): Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 1re partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 1-308
-
Song D., M. Zhu & C. Jun (1999): The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, China. 640 S.
-
Song D., M. Zhu & C. Jun (1999): The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, China. 640 S.
-
Thaler K. (1981): Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich) (Arachnida: Aranei). - Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum 61: 105-150
-
Thaler K. (1981): Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich) (Arachnida: Aranei). - Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum 61: 105-150
-
Tullgren A. (1946): Svenska spindelfauna: 3. Egentliga spindlar. Araneae: Fam. 5-7. Clubionidae, Zoridae och Gnaphosidae. Entomologiska Föreningen, Stockholm. 141 S.
-
Tullgren A. (1946): Svenska spindelfauna: 3. Egentliga spindlar. Araneae: Fam. 5-7. Clubionidae, Zoridae och Gnaphosidae. Entomologiska Föreningen, Stockholm. 141 S.