Activity-density data reveal community structure of Lycosidae at a Mediterranean shrubland
Activity-density data reveal community structure of Lycosidae at a Mediterranean shrubland
Aktivitätsdichte als Einflussfaktor für die Artenzusammensetzung der Wolfspinnen (Lycosidae) in einem mediterranen Buschland
Alopecosa, coexistence, Hogna, Israel, Lycosa, niche partitioning, Pardosa, seasonality, species assemblage, wolf spiders
Abstract
The structure of an ecological community is shaped by diverse factors and processes, including competition for resources between species with similar ecological niches. Species coexistence in the face of competition is achieved by various mechanisms, such as niche partitioning, e.g. division of resources in space and time. We studied the effect of environmental variables on activity-density of the four lycosid species found in a Mediterranean shrubland in Israel, in the spring of 2012. We tested if spatial and temporal niche partitioning enables coexistence among the four ecologically similar lycosid spiders, using multivariate analyses (RDA, Species Response Curves and Trait Analysis (RLQ)) of vegetation structure, habitat characteristics and land use, as well as time in the season. Activity-density was significantly affected by time in the season and the interaction of time and geophyte density. These findings provide first insights into the life cycles of lycosid species in Mediterranean shrublands in Israel, with spider species of the same size-group reaching their activity peaks at different times.
References
-
Aart PJM van der 1972 Distribution analysis of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) in a dune area by means of Principal Component Analysis. – Netherlands Journal of Zoology 23: 266-329
-
Aart PJM van der 1972 Distribution analysis of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) in a dune area by means of Principal Component Analysis. – Netherlands Journal of Zoology 23: 266-329
-
Alon A 1993 Plants and animals of the land of Israel. Ministry of Defense Publishing House, Tel Aviv. Vol. 8. 285 pp.
-
Alon A 1993 Plants and animals of the land of Israel. Ministry of Defense Publishing House, Tel Aviv. Vol. 8. 285 pp.
-
Amarasekare P 2003 Competitive coexistence in spatially structured environments: a synthesis. – Ecology Letters 6: 1109-1122
-
Amarasekare P 2003 Competitive coexistence in spatially structured environments: a synthesis. – Ecology Letters 6: 1109-1122
-
Bernstein I 2014 Evaluation and planning of ecological corridors, based on systematic analysis of environmental factors and estimations of biodiversity models. Modi'in corridor as a case study. PhD thesis, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. 68 pp. [in Hebrew, English summary]
-
Bernstein I 2014 Evaluation and planning of ecological corridors, based on systematic analysis of environmental factors and estimations of biodiversity models. Modi'in corridor as a case study. PhD thesis, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. 68 pp. [in Hebrew, English summary]
-
Cady AB 1983 Microhabitat selection and locomotor activity of Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1844) (Araneae: Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 11: 297-307
-
Cady AB 1983 Microhabitat selection and locomotor activity of Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1844) (Araneae: Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 11: 297-307
-
Carothers JH & Jaksić FM 1984 Time as a niche difference: the role of interference competition. – Oikos 42: 403-406
-
Carothers JH & Jaksić FM 1984 Time as a niche difference: the role of interference competition. – Oikos 42: 403-406
-
Chessel D, Dufour A-B & Thioulouse J 2004 The ade4 package-I- One-table methods. – R News 4: 5-10
-
Chessel D, Dufour A-B & Thioulouse J 2004 The ade4 package-I- One-table methods. – R News 4: 5-10
-
Chesson P 2000 Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. – Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 343-366
-
Chesson P 2000 Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. – Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 343-366
-
Dolédec S, Chessel D, Ter Braak CJF & Champely S 1996 Matching species traits to environmental variables: a new three-table ordination method. – Environmental and Ecological Statistics 3: 143-166
-
Dolédec S, Chessel D, Ter Braak CJF & Champely S 1996 Matching species traits to environmental variables: a new three-table ordination method. – Environmental and Ecological Statistics 3: 143-166
-
Eason R & Whitcomb WH 1965 Life history of the dotted wolf spider, Lycosa punctulata Hentz (Araneida: Lycosidae). – Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings 19: 11-20
-
Eason R & Whitcomb WH 1965 Life history of the dotted wolf spider, Lycosa punctulata Hentz (Araneida: Lycosidae). – Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings 19: 11-20
-
Elton CS 1927 Animal ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 260 pp.
-
Elton CS 1927 Animal ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 260 pp.
-
Enders F 1976 Size, food-finding, and Dyar's constant. – Environmental Entomology 5: 1-10
-
Enders F 1976 Size, food-finding, and Dyar's constant. – Environmental Entomology 5: 1-10
-
Eubanks MD & Miller GL 1992 Life cycle and habitat preference of the facultatively arboreal wolf spider, Gladicosa pulchra (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 20: 157-164
-
Eubanks MD & Miller GL 1992 Life cycle and habitat preference of the facultatively arboreal wolf spider, Gladicosa pulchra (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 20: 157-164
-
Framenau VW & Elgar MA 2005 Cohort dependent life history traits in a wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae) with a bimodal life cycle. – Journal of Zoology 265: 179-188
-
Framenau VW & Elgar MA 2005 Cohort dependent life history traits in a wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae) with a bimodal life cycle. – Journal of Zoology 265: 179-188
-
Fretwell SD 1972 Populations in a seasonal environment (No. 5). Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 224 pp.
-
Fretwell SD 1972 Populations in a seasonal environment (No. 5). Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 224 pp.
-
Gavish-Regev E, Lubin Y & Coll M 2008 Migration patterns and functional groups of spiders in a desert agroecosystem. – Ecological Entomology 33: 202-212
-
Gavish-Regev E, Lubin Y & Coll M 2008 Migration patterns and functional groups of spiders in a desert agroecosystem. – Ecological Entomology 33: 202-212
-
Greenstone MH 1984 Determinants of web spider species diversity: vegetation structural diversity vs. prey availability. – Oecologia 62: 299-304
-
Greenstone MH 1984 Determinants of web spider species diversity: vegetation structural diversity vs. prey availability. – Oecologia 62: 299-304
-
Hatley CL & JA MacMahon 1980 Spider community organization: seasonal variation and the role of vegetation architecture. – Environmental Entomology 9: 632-639
-
Hatley CL & JA MacMahon 1980 Spider community organization: seasonal variation and the role of vegetation architecture. – Environmental Entomology 9: 632-639
-
Hayes JL & Lockley TC 1990 Prey and nocturnal activity of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in cotton fields in the delta region of Mississippi. – Environmental Entomology 19: 1512-1518
-
Hayes JL & Lockley TC 1990 Prey and nocturnal activity of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in cotton fields in the delta region of Mississippi. – Environmental Entomology 19: 1512-1518
-
Hill MO, & Smith AJE 1976 Principal component analysis of taxonomic data with multi-state discrete characters. – Taxon 25: 249-255
-
Hill MO, & Smith AJE 1976 Principal component analysis of taxonomic data with multi-state discrete characters. – Taxon 25: 249-255
-
Hutchinson GE 1957 Concluding remarks. – Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 415-427
-
Hutchinson GE 1957 Concluding remarks. – Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 415-427
-
Jocqué R & Dippenaar-Schoeman AS 2006 Spider families of the world. Musée royal de l'Afrique central, Tervuren. 336 pp.
-
Jocqué R & Dippenaar-Schoeman AS 2006 Spider families of the world. Musée royal de l'Afrique central, Tervuren. 336 pp.
-
Krebs CJ 1985 Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper & Row, New York. 800 pp.
-
Krebs CJ 1985 Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper & Row, New York. 800 pp.
-
Kronfeld-Schor N & Dayan T 2003 Partitioning of time as an ecological resource. – Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34: 153-181
-
Kronfeld-Schor N & Dayan T 2003 Partitioning of time as an ecological resource. – Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34: 153-181
-
Kuenzler EJ 1958 Niche relations of three species of lycosid spiders. – Ecology 39: 494-500
-
Kuenzler EJ 1958 Niche relations of three species of lycosid spiders. – Ecology 39: 494-500
-
Lang A 2000 The pitfalls of pitfalls: a comparison of pitfall trap catches and absolute density estimates of epigeal invertebrate predators in arable land. – Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 73: 99-106
-
Lang A 2000 The pitfalls of pitfalls: a comparison of pitfall trap catches and absolute density estimates of epigeal invertebrate predators in arable land. – Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde 73: 99-106
-
Lepš J & Šmilauer P 2003 Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 269 pp.
-
Lepš J & Šmilauer P 2003 Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 269 pp.
-
Levy G 2009 New ground-spider genera and species with annexed checklist of the Gnaphosidae (Araneae) of Israel. – Zootaxa 2066: 1-49
-
Levy G 2009 New ground-spider genera and species with annexed checklist of the Gnaphosidae (Araneae) of Israel. – Zootaxa 2066: 1-49
-
Mansour F & Whitecomb WH 1986 The spiders of a citrus grove in Israel and their role as biocontrol agents of Ceroplastes floridensis [Homoptera: Coccidae]. – Entomophaga 31: 269-276
-
Mansour F & Whitecomb WH 1986 The spiders of a citrus grove in Israel and their role as biocontrol agents of Ceroplastes floridensis [Homoptera: Coccidae]. – Entomophaga 31: 269-276
-
Marshall SD & Rypstra AL 1999 Spider competition in structurally simple ecosystems. – Journal of Arachnology 27: 343-350
-
Marshall SD & Rypstra AL 1999 Spider competition in structurally simple ecosystems. – Journal of Arachnology 27: 343-350
-
Mouillot D, Graham NA, Villéger S, Mason NW & Bellwood DR 2013 A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. – Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28: 167-177
-
Mouillot D, Graham NA, Villéger S, Mason NW & Bellwood DR 2013 A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. – Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28: 167-177
-
Naveh Z & Whittaker RH 1980 Structural and floristic diversity of shrublands and woodlands in northern Israel and other Mediterranean areas. – Vegetatio 41: 171-190
-
Naveh Z & Whittaker RH 1980 Structural and floristic diversity of shrublands and woodlands in northern Israel and other Mediterranean areas. – Vegetatio 41: 171-190
-
Nentwig W & Wissel C 1986 A comparison of prey lengths among spiders. – Oecologia 68: 595-600
-
Nentwig W & Wissel C 1986 A comparison of prey lengths among spiders. – Oecologia 68: 595-600
-
Noy-Meir I & Oron T 2001 Effects of grazing on geophytes in Mediterranean vegetation. – Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 749-760
-
Noy-Meir I & Oron T 2001 Effects of grazing on geophytes in Mediterranean vegetation. – Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 749-760
-
Pluess T, Opatovsky I, Gavish-Regev E, Lubin Y & Schmidt MH 2008 Spiders in wheat fields and semi-desert in the Negev (Israel). – Journal of Arachnology 36: 368-373
-
Pluess T, Opatovsky I, Gavish-Regev E, Lubin Y & Schmidt MH 2008 Spiders in wheat fields and semi-desert in the Negev (Israel). – Journal of Arachnology 36: 368-373
-
Root RB 1967 The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. – Ecological Monographs 37: 317-350
-
Root RB 1967 The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. – Ecological Monographs 37: 317-350
-
Rypstra AL & Samu F 2005 Size dependent intraguild predation and cannibalism in coexisting wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 33: 390-397
-
Rypstra AL & Samu F 2005 Size dependent intraguild predation and cannibalism in coexisting wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). – Journal of Arachnology 33: 390-397
-
Simberloff D & Dayan T 1991 The guild concept and the structure of ecological communities. – Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22: 115-143
-
Simberloff D & Dayan T 1991 The guild concept and the structure of ecological communities. – Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22: 115-143
-
Sneh A, Bartov Y, Weissbrod T & Rosensaft M 1998 Geological map of Israel, 1:200,000. Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem. 4 sheets.
-
Sneh A, Bartov Y, Weissbrod T & Rosensaft M 1998 Geological map of Israel, 1:200,000. Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem. 4 sheets.
-
Ter Braak CJF & Šmilauer P 2002 CANOCO reference manual and Canodraw for windows user’s guide: software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Itaca, New York. 500 pp.
-
Ter Braak CJF & Šmilauer P 2002 CANOCO reference manual and Canodraw for windows user’s guide: software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Itaca, New York. 500 pp.
-
Tews J, Brose U, Grimm V, Tielbörger K, Wichmann MC, Schwager M & Jeltsch F 2004 Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. – Journal of Biogeography 31: 79-92
-
Tews J, Brose U, Grimm V, Tielbörger K, Wichmann MC, Schwager M & Jeltsch F 2004 Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. – Journal of Biogeography 31: 79-92
-
Turnbull AL 1973 Ecology of the true spiders (Araneomorphae). – Annual Review of Entomology 18: 305-348
-
Turnbull AL 1973 Ecology of the true spiders (Araneomorphae). – Annual Review of Entomology 18: 305-348
-
Uetz GW, Halaj J & Cady AB 1999 Guild structure of spiders in major crops. – Journal of Arachnology 27: 270-280
-
Uetz GW, Halaj J & Cady AB 1999 Guild structure of spiders in major crops. – Journal of Arachnology 27: 270-280
-
Weeks RD & Holtzer TO 2000 Habitat and season in structuring ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) communities in a shortgrass steppe ecosystem. – Environmental Entomology 29: 1164-1172
-
Weeks RD & Holtzer TO 2000 Habitat and season in structuring ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) communities in a shortgrass steppe ecosystem. – Environmental Entomology 29: 1164-1172
-
Wilson JB 1999 Guilds, functional types and ecological groups. – Oikos 86: 507-522
-
Wilson JB 1999 Guilds, functional types and ecological groups. – Oikos 86: 507-522
-
Workman C 1977 Population density fluctuations of Trochosa terricola Thorell (Araneae: Lycosidae). – Ecological Bulletins 25: 518-521
-
Workman C 1977 Population density fluctuations of Trochosa terricola Thorell (Araneae: Lycosidae). – Ecological Bulletins 25: 518-521
-
World Spider Catalog 2016 World Spider Catalog, version 17.0. Natural History Museum Bern. – Internet: wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed on 2016-05-31)
-
World Spider Catalog 2016 World Spider Catalog, version 17.0. Natural History Museum Bern. – Internet: wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed on 2016-05-31)
-
Zobel M 1997 The relative of species pools in determining plant species richness: an alternative explanation of species coexistence? – Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12: 266-269
-
Zobel M 1997 The relative of species pools in determining plant species richness: an alternative explanation of species coexistence? – Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12: 266-269
-
Zonstein S & Marusik YM 2013 Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Israel. – Zootaxa 3671: 1-127
-
Zonstein S & Marusik YM 2013 Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Israel. – Zootaxa 3671: 1-127